Does medicaid cover tubal reversal - What Insurance Covers Tubal Reversal. In the United States, tubal reversal is a surgical procedure that allows women who have previously undergone tubal ligation to restore their fertility. It involves reconnecting the fallopian tubes to increase the chances of natural conception.

 
Sterilization. Sterilization means any medical procedure, treatment or operation for the sole purpose of rendering an individual permanently incapable of reproducing and not related to the repair of a damaged/dysfunctional body part. Under the Medicare Program guidelines the coverage of sterilization is limited to necessary …. Moorish soverign citizen

Molina Healthcare of Ohio, Inc., P.O. Box 349020, Columbus, OH 43234-9020 www.MolinaHealthcare.com MHO-0584 01-2013. services. No authorization is required up to 12 office visits for adults ages 21 and older and 20 visits for children ages 0-20 in a rolling year. Contact Molina Healthcare at 1-800-642-4168 to obtain referral information and ...Best Answer. It depends on the policy and what was specifically covered in the terms of the contract, but generally, most policies will not cover a tubal reversal. The tubal was, in the first ...Dec 5, 2022 · Does Medicaid cover tubal reversal? It is unlikely that your Medicaid or private insurance plan will cover the tubal reversal surgery itself as it corrects earlier voluntary sterilization. The purpose is rarely a covered medical reason unless the procedure corrects an underlying disease or symptom. Does Medicaid cover tubal reversals? ... Does cigna cover tubal reversal? There are a lot of health insurance that do not cover tubal reversal because it is an elective procedure, however it looks ...Tubal reversal costs vary, but are around $6000 - $100 for a scheduling fee and. $5900 for the surgery fee. This is all -inclusive and covers. preoperative consultation, surgeon's fee, anesthesiologist's, surgical. supplies, medications, and long-term follow-up.3. Foreign body reactions. Dr. Monteith frequently sees women who have adverse reactions to the Essure tubal occlusion devices and fallopian tubal clips. Essure devices. Essure devices cause problems from 1) possible allergies to metal (most likely the nickel) and 2) perforations of the uterus and/or fallopian tubes.If you are pregnant, you will be referred to a program such as Medicaid for Pregnant Women. You might have to pay for those extra services. If you are currently enrolled in Medicaid for Pregnant Women, you may be automatically enrolled in the HTW program when your coverage ends. If you are eligible, you will receive a letter from Texas Health ...Pixland/Pixland/Getty Images Medicaid and Tubal Ligations. The cost of a reverse tubal ligation can run between $5,000 and $10,000 usually. Medicaid will sometimes cover tubal ligation or at least a portion of the cost as a method of birth control, but it will depend on what state the woman resides in.Aug 1, 2023 · What Insurance Covers Tubal Reversal. In the United States, tubal reversal is a surgical procedure that allows women who have previously undergone tubal ligation to restore their fertility. It involves reconnecting the fallopian tubes to increase the chances of natural conception. Tubal reversal is a short (1-hour) outpatient procedure that we offer at one of two local surgery centers. At Mid-Iowa Fertility, our microsurgical repair (mini laparotomy) technique utilizes microscopic magnification to operate through a small “bikini cut” incision. Sutures are placed covertly under the skin and do not require removal. We do not file insurance for tubal reversals. If your insurance provider does cover this procedure, you may file with them for reimbursement. Prior to surgery, all correspondence will be in the form of letters. If you have any special concerns, the hotline number is (731) 660-8300. You can read comments from patients that have become pregnant ...South Tampa: 2919 Swann Ave. Ste 305, Tampa, FL 813-870-3553. Brandon: 612 Medical Care Dr., Brandon, FL 813-661-9114. Clearwater: 3165 McMullen Booth Rd. F-2, Clearwater, FL 727-724-0702. Click here to visit our comprehensive Tubal Reversal Website. Our fertility surgeons are experts in tubal reversal and reproductive surgery.Tubal ligation surgery is considered to be a permanent form of birth control. However, reversal is available and costs anywhere between $5,200 and $8,500. In general, this is not covered by normal health insurance plans and sometimes it …Tubal ligation, or female sterilization, is a surgical procedure that permanently prevents you from getting pregnant. It’s also known as “getting your tubes tied.”. It’s a safe procedure with a low rate of side effects. Tubal ligation doesn’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs), including HIV. How it works.Note that health insurance in Texas and most other states as well as Medicaid do not pay for for tubal reversals. If you need assistance to find out if your non-Texas health insurance covers your situation, please call our office at (713)790 0099 so we can get your information. Tubal reversal, also called microsurgical tubal reanastomosis, is an abdominal surgery in which a surgeon reverses a patient’s previous sterilization procedure by reopening and/or reconnecting the fallopian tubes to the uterus. A tubal ligation, or having one’s “tubes tied,” is a popular form of sterilization. Answered by A Personal Choice Tubal Reversal (View Profile). At age30, the chances of getting pregnant after tubal reversal is approximately 80% according to our study of over 5000 patients. This does vary some according to the amount of tube removed and the lengths remaining to repair.sterilization (tubal ligations and vasectomies); testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including colposcopy, cryotherapy and LEEP;*. HIV testing and pre test and post test counseling;*. Pap smears; testing for cervical cancer, pelvic problems, breast disease, anemia, and high blood pressure;*. abortion.Medicaid is a program provided by the government wherein states help to provide low-income families and individuals basic medical care. People eligible for Medicaid are not paid by...Once the distal end of the Essure device emerges, it is grasped laparoscopically and pulled out of the fallopian tube (Figure 3). The device uncoils and elongates as it is removed and can easily fracture. Pulling the device parallel to the tube and intermittently regrasping it near its exit from the tube can help avoid device fragmentation.You can find an orthodontist that accepts Medicaid by searching by state on the Medicaid Orthodontist Provider Directory website. Before searching for an orthodontist, you should m...Over 98% of health insurance companies will not pay for tubal ligation reversal. The first tubal ligation was performed in 1880’s and since then millions of tubal ligation procedures have been performed. The first tubal reversal surgery was performed in the 1960’s. As tubal reversal surgery became a more common, health insurance …Tips From the CoverHer Hotline: Navigating Coverage for Tubal Litigation and Bilateral Salpingectomy. If you’ve been following the news, you may know that interest i n sterilization surgery procedures through tubal ligation (“tying your tubes”) or bilateral salpingectomy (removal of tubes) has skyrocketed since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v.Dec 5, 2022 · Does Medicaid cover tubal reversal? It is unlikely that your Medicaid or private insurance plan will cover the tubal reversal surgery itself as it corrects earlier voluntary sterilization. The purpose is rarely a covered medical reason unless the procedure corrects an underlying disease or symptom. e. Pregnancy termination is covered only as specified in AMPM Policy 410. 3. Limitations The following are not covered for the purpose of family planning services and supplies: a. Infertility services including diagnostic testing, treatment services and reversal of surgically induced infertility, b. Pregnancy termination counseling, Does it cover COVID-19 tests/vaccines? According to . federal guidance from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid . Services (CMS), all Medicaid programs including Family Planning Medicaid will continue to cover COVID-19 tests and vaccines through September 30, 2024. For the most up-to-date information about North Carolina Medicaid coverage Tubal Ligation Reversal. Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure in which your fallopian tubes are blocked, cut, or sealed. It's done to prevent your eggs from traveling from your ovaries into the fallopian tubes, where they could be fertilized by a sperm. Tubal ligation is a highly effective form of birth control that is almost always permanent.It is important to note that most insurance plans, including federally funded programs such as Medicaid, do not cover the cost of tubal ligation reversals. We are happy to talk with you about whether tubal ligation reversal or IVF would be a better option for you. Please call our clinic at 503-418-3700 to schedule a consultation with one of our ...Tubal reversal, also called microsurgical tubal reanastomosis, is an abdominal surgery in which a surgeon reverses a patient’s previous sterilization procedure by reopening and/or reconnecting the fallopian tubes to the uterus. A tubal ligation, or having one’s “tubes tied,” is a popular form of sterilization. We do not file insurance for tubal reversals. If your insurance provider does cover this procedure, you may file with them for reimbursement. Prior to surgery, all correspondence will be in the form of letters. If you have any special concerns, the hotline number is (731) 660-8300. You can read comments from patients that have become pregnant ... Note that health insurance in Texas and most other states as well as Medicaid do not pay for for tubal reversals. If you need assistance to find out if your non-Texas health insurance covers your situation, please call our office at (713)790 0099 so we can get your information.Does Medicaid Cover Tubal Ligation Reversal? October 24, 2023 October 2, 2023 by Mark McIntyre. For many women, the decision to undergo tubal ligation is a significant one, often influenced by various personal and medical reasons. However, life circumstances can change, leading some to reconsider their choices and explore the …The cost of tubal ligation depends on whether you have insurance and your coverage. Tubal ligation costs between nothing and $6,000 at Planned Parenthood — even if you don’t have insurance. Otherwise, you can expect to pay from about $2,000 to more than $5,000. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires most insurance plans, including Medicaid ...The motivation behind Oscar-nominated 'Hell or High Water' is a reverse mortgage–a complicated (and legal) loan that still exists. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newslett...In North Carolina, Medicaid does cover sterilization procedures — tubal ligation, bilateral salpingectomy and vasectomy — but there are federal and state requirements that must be met in order ...Aug 25, 2022 ... ) Although states with expanded Medicaid aren't required to cover vasectomies, many do. Even if you're uninsured, you may be able to get ...Blastocyst Transfer. Trusted Tubal Ligation Reversal Specialist serving Oak Brook, IL. Contact us at 812-594-9343 or visit us at 2208 Midwest Road, Suite 102, Oak Brook, IL 60523.This procedure is also known as a tubal reanastomosis, tubal reversal, or tubal sterilization reversal. Does Florida Medicaid cover fertility treatments? Medicaid reimburses for reproductive services to provide diagnostic and therapeutic procedures relating to the reproductive system, including obstetrical and family planning services.Does Medicaid cover tubal ligation? Medicaid covers sterilization surgery in most states. Forty states and Washington, D.C. have expanded their Medicaid …In North Carolina, Medicaid does cover sterilization procedures — tubal ligation, bilateral salpingectomy and vasectomy — but there are federal and state …How does Medicaid differ from Medicare, and how is the program funded? Find out how Medicaid works and who benefits from it. Advertisement Medicaid is the U.S.'s primary public hea...Does Medicaid cover tubal reversal? It is unlikely that your Medicaid or private insurance plan will cover the tubal reversal surgery itself as it corrects earlier voluntary sterilization. The purpose is rarely a covered medical reason unless the procedure corrects an underlying disease or symptom.Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure that permanently closes, cuts, or removes pieces of your fallopian tubes. Bilateral salpingectomy is a surgical procedure that removes your fallopian tubes entirely. Essure sterilization is a tiny coil that a doctor puts in your fallopian tubes to block them — it used to be a common form of sterilization ...It is important to note that most insurance plans, including federally funded programs such as Medicaid, do not cover the cost of tubal ligation reversals. We are happy to talk with you about whether tubal ligation reversal or IVF would be a better option for you. Please call our clinic at 503-418-3700 to schedule a consultation with one of our ...Dec 12, 2022 · In general, pregnancy success rates range from 40% to 85%. When pregnancy does happen, it's usually within the first year. Besides your age, getting pregnant after tubal reversal depends on things ... Tubal reversal and Essure reversal, no matter what the reason, is considered an elective, non-life threatening procedure. Neither private health insurance nor Medicaid/Medicare will pay for reversal no matter the reason. Health insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid will not pay for reversal even if you are having symptoms. Tubal Reversal Experience Counts! Our practice is exclusively dedicated to infertility surgery and we have performed tubal surgery on over 15,000 patients since 1997. Our surgical techniques have a proven track record of success and we have pioneered techniques that allow the surgery to performed outside of a hospital setting and with faster recovery. Jan 8, 2023 · Like any other surgery, the tubal reversal can be expensive. The surgery costs range from $5,000 to $10,000, and you will also have to pay for things like pre-and post-operative care, anesthesia, and hospitalization. If you have health insurance that covers tubal ligation reversal, you may be able to get some or all of these costs covered, does ... California, Texas, and North Carolina do not cover postpartum tubal ligation under their Family Planning SPA or Waiver pathways (likely because the family planning …Tubal Ligation Reversal. Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure in which your fallopian tubes are blocked, cut, or sealed. It's done to prevent your eggs from traveling from your ovaries into the fallopian tubes, where they could be fertilized by a sperm. Tubal ligation is a highly effective form of birth control that is almost always permanent.Tubal ligation, or female sterilization, is a surgical procedure that permanently prevents you from getting pregnant. It’s also known as “getting your tubes tied.”. It’s a safe procedure with a low rate of side effects. Tubal ligation doesn’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs), including HIV. How it works.It usually does not pay for tubal reversal, unless your doctor says you need it and agrees with it. Medicare thinks tubal reversal is a choice or a beauty procedure, so it does not pay for it. TRICARE and Tubal Reversal Coverage. TRICARE, a healthcare program for military members, retirees, and their families, may offer coverage for tubal ...Thus, to our knowledge, no health insurance plan will cover tubal reversal surgery. While Medicaid will usually pay for the sterilization procedure, it will not pay or consider the repair justified. In some limited circumstances, your health care provider might combine the process with another medically necessary surgery. This way, the surgical ...The average cost of a tubal ligation reversal in the United States is $8,685. However, depending on factors such as where you live and what tests you need beforehand, the costs range from $5,000 to $21,000. Insurance doesnt usually cover the cost of the surgery, but your doctors office may offer a payment plan.Dec 19, 2018 · Currently, Medicaid does not pay because a tubal reversal is considered to be an elective surgery. Cost will vary between surgeons and regions. That said, the average fee is $6,850.00, and this is all-inclusive. Medicaid does not usually cover a reversal of a tubal ligation because it is an elective surgery, meaning not medically necessary. What are the advantages of a tubal reversal surgery?Does Medicaid Cover Tubal Ligation Reversal – MedicAidTalk.net. Tubal ligation is elective surgery performed to sterilize a woman. The fallopian tubes are sealed so she cannot become pregnant. Reversal of this surgery is possible for some women who wish to become pregnant later. Medicaid does not cover this surgery as it is elective and not ...There are three main parts to every tubal ligation reversal: The initial pre-surgery testing The surgery itself Post operational care and complications; Medicaid does not normally cover tube untying because it is a reversal of a procedure that you theoretically undertook voluntarily (i.e. without medical need).I'm sorry to hear your having second thoughts about your tubal you had like me, but there is a down side here, i have contacted medicaid and read on there website as well that they will not help ...For information on Florida Medicaid coverage and reimbursement of contraceptives, ... • Tubal ligation* ... Florida Medicaid does not reimburse for the following:.If a woman covered by Medicaid wants her tubes tied, she must complete the “Consent to Sterilization” section of Medicaid’s Title …Louisiana's Medicaid program covers many of the same things that private health insurance programs traditionally cover. Medicaid can also cover services to help "fill in the gaps" in Medicare and meet certain long-term care needs. The list below includes things Louisiana Medicaid will cover in some or all cases.Article Guidance. Sterilization means any medical procedure, treatment or operation for the sole purpose of rendering an individual permanently incapable of reproducing and not related to the repair of a damaged/dysfunctional body part. Under the Medicare Program guidelines the coverage of sterilization is limited to necessary …If you have only an email address and need the sender's name or other contact information, a reverse email lookup can help. Comparing multiple sources remains a best practice; som...Non-covered family planning services include: Infertility drugs. Invitro fertilization. Genetic counseling. For more information about family planning services, call Member Services at (888) 483-0760. *OTC means over-the-counter **Sterilization consent forms must be signed 30 days before surgery. There are limits on abortion coverage.While it won’t cover the reversal procedure itself, it could pay benefits for: Your hospital confinement for labor and delivery; Your newborn’s hospital stay, such as in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; You need the policy before the reversal surgery since pregnancy is possible soon after.Does Medicaid cover tubal reversals? I would doubt that public medical insurance would cover an optional treatment. Better to concentrate on improving your economic lot so that you can have your ...The rate of success for tubal reversal depends on a few factors, including: Technique or type of tubal ligation, meaning whether the fallopian tube was cut, tied, clipped or blocked (For example, your surgeon can reconnect the two ends of a tube that has been cut.) Degree of damage to the fallopian tubes; Portion of healthy fallopian tube remainingIn North Carolina, Medicaid does cover sterilization procedures — tubal ligation, bilateral salpingectomy and vasectomy — but there are federal and state requirements that must be met in order ...The microsurgery procedure and our proprietary techniques enable us to reduce recovery time, make the procedure affordable and – best of all – achieve a high pregnancy rate. The actual tubal ligation reversal surgery takes approximately 90 minutes. Our physicians were also pioneers in and are able to reverse Essure and Adiana tubal occlusions.In almost all cases, insurance does not cover the cost of a tubal reversal procedure. Veritas Fertility & Surgery offers all-inclusive pricing of $6,000-10,000, depending on the type and complexity of the procedure you need. This price includes Dr. Puthoff’s fees, the hospital or surgery center fees, and anesthesia costs.If you are driving an automatic transmission vehicle and it can only go in reverse, you may have a serious transmission issue that can only be solved by a mechanic. However, some t...Medicare generally does not cover costs in private facilities or those associated with sterilisation reversal procedures. Additional Financial Assistance Options For individuals without private health insurance, there may be other financial assistance options to help cover tubal ligation costs.Tubal Reversal Create. 0. Log in. Subjects > Beauty & Health > Healthcare Products. Does Arkansas medicaid cover tubal reversal? Wiki User. ∙ 2012-07-25 22:33:46. Add an answer.Article Guidance. Sterilization means any medical procedure, treatment or operation for the sole purpose of rendering an individual permanently incapable of …What Insurance Covers Tubal Reversal. In the United States, tubal reversal is a surgical procedure that allows women who have previously undergone tubal ligation to restore their fertility. It involves reconnecting the fallopian tubes to increase the chances of natural conception.If combined with another medically necessary procedure, Medicaid might cover some of your tummy tuck costs after a C-section. Doctors strongly advise women to wait until they finish having babies before undergoing abdominoplasty. Medicaid often covers tubal ligation (not reversal) as a permanent contraception method. Schedule both procedures on ...Tubal Reversal Create. 0. Log in. Subjects > Beauty & Health > Healthcare Products. Does Arkansas medicaid cover tubal reversal? Wiki User. ∙ 2012-07-25 22:33:46. Add an answer.Article Guidance. Sterilization means any medical procedure, treatment or operation for the sole purpose of rendering an individual permanently incapable of reproducing and not related to the repair of a damaged/dysfunctional body part. Under the Medicare Program guidelines the coverage of sterilization is limited to necessary treatment of an ...Does Medicaid cover tubal reversal surgery? It is unlikely that you will get coverage for this procedure, as it's expensive and often considered elective. However, if you can provide a medically sound …In North Carolina, Medicaid does cover sterilization procedures — tubal ligation, bilateral salpingectomy and vasectomy — but there are federal and state requirements that must be met in order ...Dr. Margeva Morris Cole, MD. Obstetrician / Gynecologist (OBGYN) (919) 544-5414. 2609 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704. Accepting patients.Does cigna cover tubal reversal? There are a lot of health insurance that do not cover tubal reversal because it is an elective procedure, however it looks like Cigna does cover tubal reversal.You May Like: Spartanburg South Carolina Medicaid Office. Insurance Coverage For Tubal Ligation Reversal Surgery. While many of you try to find insurance that covers tubal reversal surgery, this is impossible since your sterilization was a voluntary procedure and is not an infertility condition. Thus, to our knowledge, no health insurance plan ...California, Texas, and North Carolina do not cover postpartum tubal ligation under their Family Planning SPA or Waiver pathways (likely because the family planning …

The microsurgery procedure and our proprietary techniques enable us to reduce recovery time, make the procedure affordable and – best of all – achieve a high pregnancy rate. The actual tubal ligation reversal surgery takes approximately 90 minutes. Our physicians were also pioneers in and are able to reverse Essure and Adiana tubal occlusions.. Kennewick transfer station

does medicaid cover tubal reversal

California, Texas, and North Carolina do not cover postpartum tubal ligation under their Family Planning SPA or Waiver pathways (likely because the family planning programs do not cover...3. Foreign body reactions. Dr. Monteith frequently sees women who have adverse reactions to the Essure tubal occlusion devices and fallopian tubal clips. Essure devices. Essure devices cause problems from 1) possible allergies to metal (most likely the nickel) and 2) perforations of the uterus and/or fallopian tubes.Article Guidance. Sterilization means any medical procedure, treatment or operation for the sole purpose of rendering an individual permanently incapable of reproducing and not related to the repair of a damaged/dysfunctional body part. Under the Medicare Program guidelines the coverage of sterilization is limited to necessary treatment of an ...• the client's eleven-digit Medicaid ID number . I I - Consent to Sterilization Enter: • the name of the doctor or clinic from whom the client received information about sterilization • the specific name of the procedure to accomplish sterilization • the client's birthdate (month, date and year) • the legal name of the clientMedicare generally does not cover costs in private facilities or those associated with sterilisation reversal procedures. Additional Financial Assistance Options For individuals without private health insurance, there may be other financial assistance options to help cover tubal ligation costs.The cost of the vasectomy reversal with high deductible health insurance can be close to 39% less than the average retail price of $8,700 – even when the plan does not cover the procedure. A High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) allows patients to pay for the surgery using a Health Savings Account (HSA). You can fund your HSA with pre-tax ...Women who had ring/clip sterilization are more likely to get pregnant after reversal. Age. Pregnancy success after tubal reversal is most likely in women under 35 and least likely in women over 40 ...After tubal ligation reversal, you will have a higher-than-average risk of a fertilized egg implanting in the fallopian tube (ectopic pregnancy) rather than in the uterus. This can become a life-threatening emergency. There is no guarantee that you will be able to become pregnant after having the reversal. Current as of: November 27, 2023. We do not file insurance for tubal reversals. If your insurance provider does cover this procedure, you may file with them for reimbursement. Prior to surgery, all correspondence will be in the form of letters. If you have any special concerns, the hotline number is (731) 660-8300. You can read comments from patients that have become pregnant ... The tubal ligation reversal requires your reproductive endocrinologist to rejoin the fallopian tubes and allow the egg to travel from the ovary into the uterus. While the tubal ligation procedure is performed laparoscopically, the reversal typically requires a larger incision- approximately four to six inches long. Your fertility specialist ...The vast majority of plans will not pay for IVF. Some will pay for IVF but will not do it if you have had a voluntary tubal ligation. Most health insurances will not pay for non-essential surgery. They will not pay for breast augmentations, face lifts, tummy tucks, etc. They feel the same about paying for infertility treatment if you have had a ...Sterilization. Sterilization means any medical procedure, treatment or operation for the sole purpose of rendering an individual permanently incapable of reproducing and not related to the repair of a damaged/dysfunctional body part. Under the Medicare Program guidelines the coverage of sterilization is limited to necessary …With the release of President Donald Trump's new budget, Medicaid gets hit with more than $800 billion in cuts over the next 10 years. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive news...This cost of tubal reversal is not covered insurance. A payment of $140.00 is due at the time of your first office visit with Dr. Ghomi. Payments can be made ...For information on Florida Medicaid coverage and reimbursement of contraceptives, ... • Tubal ligation* ... Florida Medicaid does not reimburse for the following:.Medicaid and Health Choice Clinical Coverage Policy No: 1E-3 Amended Date: August 15, 2020. To all beneficiaries enrolled in a Prepaid Health Plan (PHP): for questions about benefits and services available on or after implementation, …Currently, Medicaid does not pay because a tubal reversal is considered to be an elective surgery. Cost will vary between surgeons and regions. That said, the average fee is $6,850.00, and this is all-inclusive.California, Texas, and North Carolina do not cover postpartum tubal ligation under their Family Planning SPA or Waiver pathways (likely because the family planning …Tubal ligation is not 100% effective at preventing pregnancy. There is a slight risk of becoming pregnant after tubal ligation. This happens to about 5 out of 1,000 women after 1 year. After a total of 5 years following tubal ligation, about 13 out of 1,000 women will have become pregnant. footnote 1; Pregnancy may occur if: In many cases, tubal anastamosis -- or tubal reversal -- can successfully rejoin a woman's fallopian tubes after sterilization (tubal ligation) and make it possible for her to become pregnant. Welcome to the tubal reversal web page of The Jackson Clinic. My name is Dr. Lisa Rogers, and I have been practicing obstetrics and gynecology in Jackson ... .

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